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Backyard Sanctuary

Your Yard Can Be Much More Than Just Pretty; It Can Also Be a Much-Needed Habitat for Wildlife.

Article by Pete Wodarz

Photography by Stephen Bartens & Pete Wodarz

Originally published in SW Lake Lifestyle

Illinois soils once supported vast areas of native trees, shrubs and diverse prairie plants. In Lake County that diversity has been replaced by suburban lawns which require continual maintenance, fertilizers, herbicides and watering. The diversity of plants has decreased which also reduces the amount of beneficial insects that are a food source for birds and small mammals.

Lawn maintenance also contributes to landfills, water pollution and increased runoff. Using native plants increases the diversity needed to support bird species and a more stable environment. Ideally, 70% of open space planted with native species gives the necessary habitat for all types of birds to thrive. Enough families with small-scale, backyard efforts to increase diversity can really make a difference.

Like us, birds require food and shelter to survive. Food is garnered from native plants, such as nuts, seeds and fruits. The insects that native plants attract are also a large source of food.

Nuts are found in pinecones from white pines and other native evergreens, and are favorites of Chickadees, Robins and Red Pulls. The nuts of oak and hickory trees are a food source, too. Nut-bearing shrubs such as hazelnut are critical to a bird’s diet because they are high in protein and fats which help birds survive the rough winter months.

Planting for native seed production can have a great impact on birds’ food source. Seeds of aster, Joe Pye weed, coneflower, grasses and sedges offer an abundance of food for birds.

Seeds of sumac and juniper typically are retained by the plants deep into winter, and are a great emergency food source, as they typically stand above any snowfall.

The list of native trees, shrubs, forbs and grasses useful as a food source for birds is extensive and can be planted in attractive masses, which can be a beautiful addition to any suburban landscape. Fruiting shrubs attract birds such as Cedar Waxwings and Orioles. A favorite of many bird species are serviceberry and viburnum. The native varieties are useful in many varied light conditions and enhance a garden with their fall color and vibrant fruit.

Another major food source for birds are insects, and again native plants play a vital role. A white oak, for example, can host up to 500 species of insects, providing a broad menu. Most birds feed their chicks caterpillars, and native plants are the hosts for these butterflies and moths.

There is quite a bit of structural diversity in the shelter or nesting requirements of various bird species. A variety of materials are needed, typically derived from native plants. Owls prefer larger trees. Cavity nesters use moss grass and sticks to build out their nest. Dead trees should be left if safe to do so as these are also attractive to cavity nesters. Leaf litter, dense brush and branches provide cover for birds and protects them from prey. Log piles are overwintering habitat for insects which the Winter Wren and Red Breasted Nut Hatch depend on for food.

Even brush piles with bent-over branches, yard clippings and tall grasses offer protection to Fox Sparrow and other birds. Sumac and dogwood tend to form dense clusters and provide shelter and protection for birds from prey.

Creating a back yard habitat by using native species can positively impact the population and survival of varied bird species. A native habitat can be beautiful and aesthetically pleasing, adding to your family’s own overall health and well-being. Consider certifying your yard with the Illinois Audubon Society bird and butterfly sanctuary program. It may be easier than you think if you agree to use a minimal amount of chemicals and your yard provides the four critical elements for habitat: Food, Shelter, Water and Space.

About the Author: Landscape Architect Peter Wodarz is a long-time resident of North Barrington. To contact him please call 847.366.5286. Learn more about certifying your backyard or property by visiting IllinoisAudubon.org.

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