Unfortunately, tooth decay is rather common in children – it is preventable with excellent oral hygiene and diet practices, however, dental caries still remains one of the most common diseases that affects children of all ages. By the age of 4, more than 1 in every 4 children has at least one cavity. In this segment, we will discuss some of the sources and causes of dental decay as well as preventive measures you can use to help your kid's teeth stay healthy.
Cavities are caused by bacteria
Cavaties happen when a group of germs (bacteria) feed on sugar and produce acid that in time, will dissolve minerals on the outermost layer of the tooth, known as enamel. As decay progresses, the inner layer of the tooth will also become affected – this layer is known as the dentin. When caries progress even further, the nerve and blood vessels of the tooth can become affected. The first sign that minerals are being lost is the development of white/chalky spots on the teeth. In time, as these areas break down, a cavity may form. Bacteria is also responsible for contributing to dental plaque—a soft, sticky, yellowish film that builds up on teeth. This can cause further tooth decay and /or lead to gum disease (gingivitis, periodontitis, and other infections, health concerns) if not removed regularly.
How does a dentist know there is a cavity?
At each dental visit, the dentist will examine your child's teeth, tongue, gums, and other soft tissues and oral structures. As the dentist examines the teeth, he or she will be evaluating each tooth for potential signs or presence of tooth decay. To facilitate a thorough examination, your dentist may recommend certain x-rays to provide a view of your child’s teeth and surrounding bone in an effort to better detect early signs of dental disease.
How can I help prevent dental decay/cavities in my child’s teeth?
- Brush and floss twice per day: Create a dental routine to encourage brushing & flossing in the morning and before bed. Brushing and flossing removes plaque which serves as a reservoir for bacteria.
- Visit the dentist regularly: Children should have their first dental visit by their first birthday, and then every six months for a cleaning and check-up/examination. If decay is already present, early detection is best to address before the cavity progresses and requires more extensive treatment.
- Less exposure to sugary or starchy foods: The more frequently sugary, starchy foods are consumed throughout the day and in between meals, the more bacteria can build up. When bacteria builds up there is an increased chance of developing dental caries. It is especially important to avoid starches and sugars before bedtime!
We always encourage you to speak with your child’s dentist to help ensure your child has the preventive measures in place to help reduce the chances of dental caries developing in your child’s teeth.